Fire control project Paper - 275 Words

Fire control project (Research Paper Sample) Content: FIRE CONTROL PROJECT ASSIGNMENTby Student NameCourse code + nameProfessor nameUniversity nameCity, StateDate of submissionExecutive SummaryThis project is about Fire control. This project was initiated in 2004 but got cancelled after 5 years due to impending delays. This project looks at the reasons behind the delays. For instance, it looks at the effects of cost escalation and project complexity, which were not anticipated in the course of the project planning period. There were other issues like unclear communication and poor incentives allowed to the locals that were greatly involved in the planning and implementation of the project.Consequently, the paper highlights what would have been done in order to deliver the project in case I was the project manager. This includes;Developing an appropriate IT and fire control management, reducing to minimum levels over-reliance on consultancy, understanding and bringing to an end by solving any technical and cultural obsta cles that are likely to hinder the project and ensuring that the end users are involved in the planning, execution and implementation of the project right from the beginning.Fire Control Project AssignmentSection 1: IntroductionThe Department for local government and communities has the responsibility for setting up the national strategic policy and offer direction for the fire and rescue operation service in England. It is also within their responsibility to manage the national programs like fire and resilience programs.Background Information and Development Issues of the ProjectThere are more than 46 local authorities whose responsibility is to rescue fire and offer related services in England. These authorities are supposed to respond to fires and other such incidents as road accidents. The day to day service management is undertaken by the Chief Fire Officer. There is a local control room that handles any emergences cases from the members of the public and dispatches fire fighte rs, fire engines and manages fire incidents (Hensler 2011).The fire control project was delayed for more than five years before it got cancelled. It is important to note that besides the delays, the department had anticipated to incur a total cost of $ 120 million. This was the rough estimate from a period starting the July 2004 forecasts (Hensler 2011). As at the date of cancellation of the project, the minimum amount of waste in of cash that had been spent thus far was placed at $ 469 million (Great Britain 2007).It was the aim of the fire control to improve the resilience, technology and the efficiency of the fire and rescue services (Hensler 2011). This was to be done by replacing all the 46 local control rooms in order to create a more effective network of nine regional control centers by the use of the systems of the national computers to mobilize the equipments, handle calls and manage all of the incidents.Research and Methodologies that Informed / Supported the AnalysisThe f ire control project tackled three main elementsFirst, the project had immense accommodation; this would see the construction of buildings that would house the control centers regionally. It was critical in bringing the services close to the people and also, helped to mitigate any possible problems and incidents of fire and traffic accidents before their effects would increase in fatality. The regional buildings were to be spread evenly across England in order to achieve regional balance and serve all the people without marginalizing any region (Great Britain 2007).Second, the element tackled involved information technology. This was meant to deliver the equipment and computer systems that would be used to handle calls and mobilize other equipments and fire engines. This information technology would make it easy to communicate nationally and across the region in order to seek for back up support in case the incidents required so. The communication would, as well, help to liaise with the head office to pass and receive important communication in offering services to the people of England. The system was also meant to store data in a manner that allowed easy accessibility in case it was required as well kept track of the trend of incidence occurrence to form a Pareto that will show the most common cause of incident. This would, in turn, be used by researchers and government agencies to come up with possible solutions that would mitigate any of such incidents in future and by reducing possible causes.Third, the element that was tackled involved business change. It was meant to offer support to the fire and rescue services. Also, it was meant to help them prepare them for any newer operational processes. In case of an incident, this element would be responsible for offering direction and logistics support. The element helped determine the level of operation that was required in terms of the equipments and fire engines perceived enough to mitigate the problems at ha nd. Another function of this element was to establish the number of personnel required within a given operation and their level of skills. For highly sophisticated operations, a higher level of expertise and skilled personnel were needed to handle and mitigate any possible harm from commencing while minor operations were dealt with the new staff in order to enhance their skills and expertise in managing any future operations. The division is also responsible for hiring new personnel and training them. The business change element would be responsible for liaising with other regional business change elements and the head office in communicating and soliciting for any support that they might require (Great Britain 2007).The project aimed at developing regional control centers that were to be used to improve on the local arrangements by offering purpose built, resilient and secure facilities that would be networked throughout England and across all the regions. This was done so that inc ase of any need for back up call to other regions for support in mitigating any fire incident or traffic accident, then such help could be offered by deploying the required equipment and resources enough to mitigate the incident at hand. Each region was empowered with the same abilities and resources in terms of personnel and equipments. (Great Britain 2009).The national Information technology system that worked in conjunction with fire control was funded by the Fire department. The funds were used to cover for the payments of the maintenance services.Problem AnalysisThe fire control project was started in 2004 and the expectation was that the program be rolled out between the 2007 and early 2009. Problems started when the project failed due to poor delivery of computer technology. There was also the issue of cost escalation over the project's life. The fire control was cancelled within 2010 after it was concluded that it was not possible to complete the project within the budgeted time frame. As at its date of cancellation, it had been estimated that the total cost of $ 245 million had already been incurred on the project. It was also estimated that the total completion of the project would require an additional of about $ 390 million extra. This was likely to push the total project cost more than five times the original estimated cost.FindingsThe fire control project was flawed right from the beginning since it lacked the support of the majority who would have played a key role in its success. The users had been segregated from the onset of the project and at its initiation they did not showcase support for the project (Great Britain 2007).There were little clear structures set on course needed in depicting how the model would have been centrally managed in terms of call handling and support mobilization from one central place to the rest of the newer purpose built centers regionally (Great Britain 2007). The project had been criticized right from the begin ning by both the fire and rescue authorities and the fire and rescue services team. It was not clear to them on how the new approach of regions could increase their service quality and efficiency capacities. There were elements of antagonism and mistrust caused by the inconsistent messages that had been passed to the fire and rescue service team about regionalization.The department had also failed in incentivizing sufficiently the fire and rescue authorities to partner with them in the delivery of the fire control project. It is worth to mention that the local fire and rescue authorities had no obligation to use regional facilities. The department failed to come up with newer ways of communication. This was needed to allow for incentives that would be sufficient enough in encouraging them to support the delivery of the project (Great Britain 2007).None of the members of the local fire and rescue authorities was satisfied with the department's communication methods and also, its arra ngement of operations within the regional control centers. Failure, also, resulted from the fact that accountability for the delivery was not placed on the hands of the fire and rescue authorities. The fire and rescue authority had the powers to commit the available resources at their disposal and accept the operational responsibilities (Great Britain 2007).The department also did not undertake a complete cost and benefit analysis since it over overstated the benefits and underestimated both the costs and its complex nature.Other than under estimating the project complexity in designing a system that would have met all of the needs of the fire and rescue services, it failed to offer leadership and management capabilities (Great Britain 2009). The department had assumed that IT developments would be a simple and straight forward task that would only involve the customized components, which had ...

U.s. Salmon Aquaculture Ethical Issues - 1390 Words

U.S. Salmon Aquaculture: Ethical Issues in Farmed Salmon Kimberly Jones Troy University Dr. Miller Abstract There are many ethical arguments surrounding aquaculture. The salmon industry in the United States has many ethical concerns in relation to farmed salmon. This paper will first discuss the salmon industry, then discuss specific ethical issues facing farmed salmon, and finally review any laws, regulations or relief efforts in place to reduce these ethical concerns, or that aggravate these concerns. Keywords: aquaculture, ethics, genetically modified organisms, GMOs, salmon U.S. Aquaculture: Ethical Issues in Farmed Salmon Animal agriculture has been utilized for thousands of years to provide human beings with dependable sources†¦show more content†¦Palm oil harvest often leads to deforestation of the rainforests, and raises many ethical concerns from the public, (Levitt, 2015). Harm to Wild Salmon Populations. When fish like salmon are farmed, often the fish are still kept in the ocean; however, they live inside of nets so that they are still contained. There are many ethical arguments based around these net systems because these nets pose threats to wild salmon. Captive salmon can escape from the nets, which allows them to breed with wild salmon. This can disrupt the natural gene pool of wild salmon. Farmed salmon have been shown to outgrow wild salmon when introduced into the wild, and typically have higher mortality rates, which would be poor traits to be introduced into the wild gene pool, (Hindar, et al., 2006). Unfortunately, with the invasive farmed salmon being introduced to wild populations from escapees of net systems, the recovery of the original wild salmon is unlikely, even if decades went by without more intrusive farmed salmon being present, (Hindar, et al., 2006). Another problem is that the nets do not contain wastes from the captive salmon inside, wastes such as uneaten feed, and feces from the fish are dispersed into the open waters of the ocean. Wild salmon can contract infections and parasites from captive farmed salmon in nets. A study indicated that these parasites, such as sea lice, and infections lead to high mortality rates in wild salmon passing nearShow MoreRelatedEssay on Aqua Fish Canada Inc Ai2924 Words   |  12 PagesChilean output has increased the supply of salmon and the Canadian dollar has strengthened in relation to the U.S. dollar. As a result, AFC has been unable to meet its budgeted revenue targets. Stocks of unsold harvestable fish have increased, as well as the corresponding cost of maintaining the fish, and the company barely made a profit in fiscal 2009. In January 2009, AFC lost one of its largest retail customers, SF Seafood, to a new salmon aquaculture firm, Nu-Farm Inc. This new competitor usesRead MoreFishing Restrictions And How They Impact The American Fishing Industry1888 Words   |  8 PagesElle Menzel 23 March 2016 Brant/Byrne AP Seminar Aquaculture in the United States Undoubtedly, the nation is falling into an inordinate fish crisis. Many systems are in practice to contribute to feedings the world’s population, and roughly one-third of this responsibility falls in the hands aquatic fish farming. Aquaculture holds the potential to be a highly sustainable way to solve this problem, yet, there is much hesitance in making his decision facing the future of our nation (White). In the StruggleRead MoreLife Cycle Analysis ( Lca )3001 Words   |  13 Pagesimprove through implementing more efficient and ecological design and developmental techniques, ecological and social positive development, eliminating wastes, decreasing deleterious inputs and outputs, and pollution prevention as well as reevaluating ethical and social impacts afflicted through practices. Taking a â€Å"less harm† approach is often the first step in evaluating the impact of a product s life cycle on the environment beginning from the abstraction of raw materials, manufacturing, productionRead MoreSuperbugs and Large-scale Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Feeding3115 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"where a similar amount of meat [to that of the U.S.] is consumed†, the use of sub-theraputic (and therefore dangerous) levels of antibiotics is outlawed (Borell 1997). Currently, â€Å"approximately 13.5 million pounds of antimicrobials prohibited in the European Union are used in agriculture for nontherapeutic purposes every year by U.S. livestock producers† (Union of Concerned Scientists 2001). Therefore, it is an easy counterargument to make against the U.S. cattle industry that if the European Union

Obesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay - 1598 Words

Obesity is a prevalent condition in America that undeniably leads to a plethora of health complications, including heart disease, diabetes, and depression. However, while medical interventions can be useful for addressing obesity, treating it as a purely medical condition can decontextualize this growing issue. Additionally, it can support the use of ineffective but potentially harmful treatments by a group of disproportionately empowered medical professionals and industries, that are incentivized to maximize their profit. Obesity exists in the context of a society that moralizes eating habits and stigmatizes fat bodies, and the medicalization of obesity impacts not only those who are obese, but also those who become obsessed with avoiding obesity. Combatting obesity is hence a complex problem that should be treated with both medical and societal interventions, and a failure to do so will result in serious consequences. Medicalization is the process of defining a condition in medical terms, and using medical interventions to treat it (Conrad 3). The medicalization of obesity gives medical professionals and related industries authority over the definition and treatment of obesity, which incentivizes doctors to maximize their profit by expanding the meaning of obesity, and by treating it in a medical setting. Harriet Brown states that bringing obesity under the medical realm allowed doctors to profit from its treatment, which made them open to performing radical proceduresShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdestructive can effects of obesity be. First of all what is an obesity? Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual s ideal body weight. It is a very serious problem and is becoming very dangerous in today’s world. Obesity is now considered to be the second most preventable death in America, with tobacco being the first. As use of tobacco rates continues to decline, the obesity rates continue to rise. With that being said, death numbers of obesity are goingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity970 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is the buildup of excess body fat, caused by the ingestion of more food than the body can use in which the extra calories are stored as fat. Obesity is measured by taking BMI, or body mass index of the person which is their height and weight and putting it into a formula. As stated by The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, â€Å"A BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 equates with overweight and 30.0 and above with obesity. Morbid obesity (also known as extreme, or severe, obesity) is defined as a BMI ofRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1692 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Obesity in America is a health issue which needs to be addressed, but many do not realize that obesity is an issue that needs to be addressed in more ways than one.   Because Americans are not knowledgeable in the issue of obesity, many in society v iew obese people as unhealthy and irresponsible and treat them with disrespect.   How to overcome and prevent obesity, its causes, and different treatments are all ways that obesity needs to be addressed; however, the disrespect towards those who are obeseRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has been around for several thousands of years but hasn’t always been a serious epidemic. A higher amount of fat or stored energy used to mean a greater chance at surviving a famine, but those times are long gone in the industrialized world. As time has progressed, we’ve see an exponential growth in obesity rates despite our best efforts to slow it down. In order to contain and eventually decrease obesity rates, we would first need to know what fuels this powerful monster of the westernRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesactually leading to an unhealthy lifestyle which is known as obesity. IV. Obesity is a condition of human body that is not as desirable Body Mass Index (BMI) due to accumulation of excess body fat in the blood vessels. A. According to Gary D. Foster, author of the article Primary Physicians’ Attitudes about Obesity and it’s Treatment ,this disease become epidemic in the society and not being solved as the patients’ fears to treat obesity is mainly due to their negative approaches towards this problemRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1554 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity is a condition that is characterized by excess body weight due to the overconsumption of calories in relation to the calorie loss. There are however other associated causes of obesity that have been identified by the scholars and the variables involved in the trend of this condition have a significant correlation. Different tools have been implemented overtime in the management of obesity to mitigate the short term and the long-term effects that result from this conditionRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesRecent years health experts have been warning people to control their weight and adopt a healthier lifestyle.Over time obesity is a still problem with our society today also, its rates have tripled especially in America.It is obvious we are losing the battle against obesity. Combating obesity and its numerous illnesses will not require more drugs to lower cholesterol, diet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be taken to tackle this international epidemic. AddressingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1612 Words   |  7 PagesApproximately 17% of children in the United States have been diagnosed as obese (Prevention, 2011). Although the prevalence of obesity has plateaued in the most recent years, the amount of children who are obese is still higher than what is desired. These obesity rates are alarming due to the effect it will have on them and their healthcare. As more children are diagnosed with obesity, the more children increase their risk of cardiovascular disease, h ypertension, and insulin resistance later as adults (NewbyRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe famous actor and comedian, Will Ferrell, quoted on twitter, â€Å"Obesity doesn’t run in your family, no one runs in your family†. The joke was intended to be funny, but I’m sure it hit closer to home for a lot of people more than anything else. Many problems in America consist of low employment rates, global warming and, not to forget, obesity. What other country has issues that include the overweight factor? Exactly, none. While mostly adolescent teens to adults are struggling to turn their livesRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity895 Words   |  4 PagesRecent years health experts have been warning people to control their weight and adopt a healthier lifestyle.Over time obesity is a still problem with our society today also, its rates have tripled especially in America.It is obvious we are losing the battle against obes ity. Combating obesity and its numerous illnesses will not require more drugs to lower cholesterol, diet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be taken to tackle this international epidemic. Addressing

Essay on Assisted Suicide free essay sample

The Ongoing Historical Debate Of Euthanasia The word euthanasia originates from two Greek words, meaning â€Å"good death†. In the most natural state, euthanasia defines a death positively sought after for mankind, in the act of dying and ultimately death. Unfortunately, the term historically and currently leads to debate and manipulation to insinuate a criminal act. World civilizations must remember the crimes of the past, and fear misplaced power as currently occurring in Darfur, however, the horror of genocide does not belong in the euthanasia debate. The arguments originate from cultural, religious and social values and dictate as well as interfere with the ability to experience a â€Å"good death†. For decades, the world has been experiencing a battle between the advocates and opponents of legalizing euthanasia. While the Euthanasia Act released November 2011 by the Royal Dutch Medical Association outlined new guidelines, there are histories and past cases that need to be studied to fully understand possible implications. The legalization of assisted suicide has increased debate regarding a slippery slope effect due to a turbulent history and the misguided dogma that it will lead to involuntary euthanasia. Historically, the ongoing controversy regarding the slippery slope effect and its pertinence to those who are curable, have surrounded euthanasia placing the experience of dying with dignity, for the terminally ill in jeopardy. An article titled, The Unleashing of the Destruction of Life Devoid of Value, categorizes people who are to be eliminated. The book written by two Germans in 1920, Carl Binding, a doctor of jurisprudence and philosophy, and Alfred Hoche, a medical doctor, labeled burdensome people as â€Å"incurable idiots, mere caricatures of true men whose death create no vacuum. † The book and its contentions are later exemplified, by both the defense and offense, as the origin for condoning the genocidal Holocaust of Nazi Germany in the late 1940’s. Consequently, Nazi Germany proclaimed that the origins of humane euthanasia began prior to Nazi terrorism. Advancements in knowledge and strict guidelines have increased since the early 1900’s; therefore history will not repeat itself, and the original intent of euthanasia can be realized devoid of a slippery slope effect. Slippery Slope arguments have been on the forefront in the euthanasia decriminalization debate since the 1930’s. In the 1930’s, a prophesized slippery slope included the potential for a lack of medical advances to discover a cure for incurable diseases. The medical doctor pledges the Hippocratic Oath to protect and prolong life, but also to relieve suffering. Slippery slope controversies are based on the supposition that despite the fact the law mandates restrictions, parameters will be blurred based upon human nature. The concerns should be navigated and acknowledged, but not dictate the fear of change. Controversies surround the act of dying. Currently, medical development in technology has been increasingly successful in the treatment to prolong life and perpetually relieve pain. The question arises concerning the patient’s rights in making life-sustaining decisions. Public support of painless euthanasia for the terminally ill has increased dramatically. A survey conducted by Blendon and colleagues illustrated that 34 percent in 1950 were in favor, 53 percent in 1973 and 63 percent in 1991. The contemporary issue of assisted suicide exposes deep historical roots by Plato, Aristotle and Pythagoras. The philosophers maintained favor of merciful death, yet condemned murder and suicide. While Plato, Aristotle and Pythagoras historically acknowledged support of euthanasia in the advent of a painful terminal disease, all condemned suicide for other reasons. A branch of Ancient Greece, the Stoics and Roman Philosophy, also accepted euthanasia when pain from a terminal illness became intolerable. However, the initial reign of Christianity in the Roman Empire dramatically altered these views and judged euthanasia intolerable, based upon the Sixth Commandment of, â€Å"Thou shalt not kill†. Saint Augustine’s religious belief dictated that the suffering of an individual as pre- ordained by God and to deny that divine power as an unpardonable sin. The Renaissance period, following the fourteenth century, experienced a softening of belief, the Catholic saint, Sir Thomas More, advocated voluntary euthanasia for the terminally ill. He published, in Utopia, during 1516 that euthanasia as defined for the terminally ill would be a reality in an ideal society. Up until the end of the 1800’s and during the early 1900’s, physicians considered the discussion of euthanasia as a viable option for painful, terminal illness. Not until the advent and repercussions of Nazi Germany, Hitler and the Holocaust did the discussions concerning pro-euthanasia cease. The comfort of the term euthanasia and its intent became an evil crime of horror. The Holocaust claimed 6 million Jews and 3 million gypsies, under the erroneous premise of ethnic cleansing, forever altering the definition and intent of euthanasia. This act does not define euthanasia, it defines murder, yet has become a strong premise in the contemporary debate against humane euthanasia. The evil of Nazi Germany will not be forgotten and the fear of misplaced power should remain, however, it does not have a rightful position in the arguments concerning euthanasia for the terminally ill. The current contemporary issue regarding the Darfur Genocide profoundly illustrates misplaced power and genocide, not euthanasia. Tremendous medical and technological improvements during the late 1950s made it possible to sustain life in terminally ill patients and those in vegetative states for extended periods of time. These medical advancements brought quality-of-life issues to the forefront. The Patient’s Bill of Rights written in 1973 by the American Hospital Association grants the patient the right to reject medicine with informed consent. The United States Constitution also awards citizens the right of freedom of choice, and being in control of one’s life. Oregon became the first state to legalize assisted suicide through the Death with Dignity Act in 1998 and since then 460 people have died via this option. Washington passed the Death with Dignity Act in 2008 with 57. 91 percent approval under the voter initiative I-1000. As of March 4, 2010, 36 people have self-administered the lethal medication via physician’s prescription in Washington State. There have been 63 prescriptions filled, but some opted not to exercise this option, dying via their terminal illness. As of 2012 the only other state to legalize euthanasia for the terminally ill is Montana. The greatest misunderstanding relating to the Death with Dignity Act comes from a common misuse of the term â€Å"assisted suicide. † The power of language and the use of the word â€Å"suicide† exemplify a scare tactic used by those opposed to the law. Suicide identifies a desperate act and generally executed in secrecy. The connotations that are created in religion and moral values regarding suicide are not present. Suicide intentionally ends one’s own life, ending an open-ended life span. Death with dignity enables a choice to shorten an inescapable, impending and painful death of a person who desperately wants to live, but that option does not exist. The choice allows control and dignity in the process of dying. The Act provides a sense of peace, enables communication with healthcare professionals and loved ones; though there still will be sadness it can permit a celebration of one’s life. To support and legally allow a terminally ill person the option to choose the timing for the end of their life illustrates an act of humanity. The pain inherent in the terminally ill is meaningless, eternal and doomed to dramatically increase. A valid measurement does not exist to determine the degree of pain experienced by an individual. Medications relieve a limited amount of the pain, however, medications have proven grossly inadequate in certain cases. A man suffering from prostate cancer said, â€Å"The medication puts me to sleep. As soon as I wake up there’s pain. If I can’t live free of the pain, I’m not living at all, simply existing. † Another patient suffering from pancreatic cancer stated, †I would never have believed that there could be such pain. I am a different person. Its like having a new set of neurons implanted in my brain, each one producing as much pain as it can. And here I am enjoying the best of American medicine. I am ready to go now. † Indisputably, there are increased advances in studies and medicine; however, there reaches a point when the excessive pain becomes unbearable for the patient. Currently, the contemporary debate continues in the United States, especially amongst religious entities strongly opposing the Death with Dignity Act in Oregon and Washington states. Many religious traditions remain faithful to ancient teachings and beliefs concerning the physical side of life and death. Modern technology and science have discovered new insights and helped some leaders of faith to reconsider. Terminal illness and disease are no longer as large a mystery. Barbara Coombs Lee, President of Compassion amp; Choices, a group for the advocacy of aid in dying, has fought against the Catholic Church and their staunch undermining of The Death With Dignity Act. The Catholic Church instigated a movement, To Live Each Day with Dignity; this movement’s intent aggressively increases the assault on end-of-life choices. For many Catholics, the Pope’s directive mandates the final word, a word that directs a judgment without introspection and self thought. Evangelical, Mormon, Protestant and unaffiliated religions also have profiles that dictate their vote. Religious proponents of The Death with Dignity Act religious proponents believe godliness does not exist in allowing a terminally ill person to experience needless suffering. The future of legalized euthanasia will be dependent upon the guidelines, boundaries and law in place to prevent the abuse of euthanasia and honoring it, as was originally intended, a â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia in its true form negates a criminal act as believed by certain cultural, social and religious entities. However, Scott Robinson states in, To Go Among the Saracens, â€Å"Yet the human situation is characterized, above all, by â€Å"forgetfulness,† or â€Å"heedlessness. † Historically, the criminal acts regarded, as euthanasia during Hitler’s reign must be remembered.

Subsidary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay Example For Students

Subsidary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay There are four different special journals which includes sales journal, cash receipts journal, purchases journal, and cash payments journal which have advantages. The sales journal saves time with the one line entry for each sale and reduces errors. You would use this when you do a credit sale. The cash receipts journal provides daily and weekly information about cash balances. You would use this when you sell merchandise for cash. The purchases journal records a single type of frequently recurring transaction. You would use this when a purchase is made. The cash payments journal is a record of all payments that have been made from a company’s bank account. You would use this when a company makes a payment from their account. A subsidiary ledger is a group of accounts with a common characteristic. Its purpose is to free the general ledger from the details of the individual balances. It is an addition to, and an expansion of, the general ledger. We will write a custom essay on Subsidary Ledgers and Special Journals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A control account is a general ledger account that summarizes subsidiary ledger data. Its purpose is to keep the general ledger free of details, yet have the correct balance for the financial statements. The two general ledger accounts that may act as control accounts for a subsidiary ledger includes accounts receivable subsidiary ledger and accounts payable subsidiary ledger. The accounts receivable subsidiary ledger collects transaction data of individual customers. The accounts payable subsidiary ledger collects transaction data of individual creditors. The advantages of using subsidiary ledgers includes, they show in a single account transactions affecting one customer or one creditor, providing up-to-date information on specific account balances. They free the general ledger of excessive details. They help locate errors in individual accounts by reducing the number of accounts in one ledger and by using control accounts.

Logic Gates Essays (789 words) - Logic Gates, Digital Electronics

Logic Gates Essays (789 words) - Logic Gates, Digital Electronics Logic Gates Experiment #1 Title:Logic Gates Objective:To analyze and become familiar with the operation of TTL Logic Gates. Equipment:Digital Trainer AND Gate (7408) NAND Gate (7400) OR Gate (7432) NOR Gate (7402) Procedure: 1) For each gate predict the output for all combinations of inputs. Write the truth table and describe the operation for the circuit. 2) Build each of the logic circuits to determine if it does operate as expected. Record the results. 3) Have it checked by the Instructor of Lab Tech. Diagrams AND Gate (7402) NAND Gate (7400) OR Gate (7432) NOR Gate (7402) Truth Tables AND Gate (7408) ABOUTPUT 00 0 01 0 10 0 10 1 NAND Gate (7400) ABOUTPUT 00 1 01 1 10 1 11 0 OR Gate (7432) ABOUTPUT 00 0 01 1 10 1 11 1 NOR Gate (7402) ABOUTPUT 00 1 01 0 10 0 11 0 Discussion In the experiment for the AND Gate, the red lead from the power pack in connected to pin #14 (Vcc). The black lead from the power pack in connected to pin #7, which is the ground. Both HIGH inputs from the Vcc are connected to pin #1 and pin #2. Output pin #3 is connected to the positive side of the LED, while the other side of the LED is connected to the ground. The LED lights up, because HIGH is present at pin #3 of the AND Gate. The power connections are the same while one of the inputs was connected to LOW. The LED did not light up, signifying a LOW at pin #3, which is the output. In the experiment for the NAND Gate, the red wire from the power pack is connected to pin #14, which is the Vcc. The black wire from the power pack is connected to pin #7, which is the ground. Two HIGH inputs from the Vcc are connected to pin #1 and pin #2. Output pin #3 is connected to the positive side of the LED, while the other pin from the LED is connected to ground. The LED did not light up, because a LOW is present at pin #3 of the NAND Gate. The power wires remain unchanged while one of the inputs was connected to LOW from the ground. The LED did not light up, signifying a HIGH at pin #3. In the experiment for the OR Gate, the red lead from the power pack is connected to pin #14, which is the Vcc. The black lead from the power pack is connected to pin #7, which is the ground. Two LOW inputs are connected to pin #1 and pin #2. Output pin #3 is connected to the positive side of the LED, while the other side of the LED is connected to the ground. The LED did not light up, because a LOW is present at pin #3 of the OR Gate. The power connections have been the same while one of the inputs was connected to HIGH from the Vcc. The LED lights up, because a HIGH is present at pin #3. In the experiment for the NOR Gate, the red lead from the power pack is connected to pin #14, which is the Vcc. The black lead from the power pack is connected to pin #7, which is the ground. Both LOW inputs from the ground are connected to pin #1 and pin #2. Output pin #3 is connected to the positive side of the LED, while the other side of the LED is connected to ground. The LED lights up, because a HIGH is present at pin #3 of the NOR Gate. The power connections are kept unchanged while one of the inputs was connected to HIGH from the ground. The LED did not light up, signifying a LOW at pin #3. Summary In the experiment for the OR Gate, if both inputs are LOW, the output is LOW. Otherwise the output is always HIGH. In the experiment for the AND Gate, when both inputs are HIGH the output is HIGH. Otherwise the output is always LOW. In the experiment for the NOR Gate, when both inputs are LOW, the output is HIGH. Otherwise the output is always LOW. In the experiment for the NAND Gate, when both inputs are HIGH, the output is LOW. Otherwise the output is always HIGH. Conclusion By doing this experiment, I have realized that the outputs of the NOR and OR Gates are opposites of each other as far as output matters. The

A Summary Of The Movie Jarvis Lorry

A Summary Of The Movie Jarvis Lorry In the movie Jarvis Lorry, an employee of Tellsons Bank, was sent to find Dr. Manette, an unjustly imprisoned physician, in Paris and bring him back to England. Lucie, Manettes daughter who thought that he was dead, accompanied Mr. Lorry. Upon arriving at Defarges wine shop in Paris, they found Mr. Manette in a very bad state and took him back to London with them. In 1780, five years later, Lucie, Mr. Lorry and Dr. Manette were called to testify against Charles Darnay, a tutor who made constant trips between France and England and was thus accused of treason, but Darnay was acquitted when a lawyer, named Sydney Carton, looked much like him and an eye witness faltered to positively distinguish between them. Carton loved Lucie but he was a drunk. Knowing that their relationship was hopeless, he stated that he would sacrifice himself for her or anyone she loved in an emotional conversation. Darnay ended up marrying Lucie. Darnays uncle, the Marquiuis St. Evremonde, was assassinated by the father of a child he ran over and Darnay inherited the title, Marquiuis St. Evermonde, Now along with this title came power. Darnay would not take it because he did not want to exploit the French people as his uncle did. Around 1790, while the French Revolution was in full swing, Darnay decided to go to France to save a family servant. Upon his arrival, he was i mmediately jailed. Lucie and Dr. Manette soon showed up in Paris at the doorstep of Tellsons French office, where Lorry already was present. Dr. Manette managed to get Darnay released after a year, yet he was re-jailed the same day by Madame Defarge because his family, the Evremondes, had previously killed off her family. Darnay was tried the next day and sentenced to death. Manette went back into his demented state with hopelessness. Carton arrived in Paris and heard a plot to also kill Lucie and Dr. Manette. Quickly, he made his way into the prison with the help of spies and, with his close resemblance, switched places with Darnay. Carton had arranged for the escape of Lucie, Darnay, and Dr. Manette. Madame Defarge had been killed by Miss Pross, a sort of nanny to Lucie, and escaped with Lucie. Carton sacrificed his life for Lucie, her father, and Darnay at the guillotine and then died in victory. Dickens attempted to show his readers the power and dangers of a revolution in the origonial novel, and it is even shown more in the movie. He had a clear underlying theme that oppression and exploitation by an aristocracy will cause a revolt by those being miss treated, a fact that made the French Revolution inescapeable. Throughout this movie, it was visible that Dickens drew a connection between cruelty and disorder. Yet the power of love and sacrifice wer e, in the end, linked with a renewal of society. The harsh treatment of the aristocracy towards the poor was constantly shown. In one case, the Marquis St. Evremonde ran over a peasant child and just through a few coins at the father to make up for this loss. The anarchy of the revolution was shown by the many mobs that roamed the streets of Paris. Many nobles had left France and there was no powerful government. Therefore a direct connection was drawn between the cruelty by the high society and the outbreak of revolution turning quickly into chaos. Dickens was biased with a sympathy for the fooled, especially for children. The idea that the victimized, when forced for long enough, would revolt was a central idea behind this Dickins plot. The unjust imprisonment of Dr. Manette tore him apart. He could never truly escape from his prison experience and in moments of great stress he went back to the insanity which Mr. Lorry and Lucie had found him in at Book report.. 12thgrade. A tale of 2 citiesDefarges. Darnay had been tried often and came close to conviction a number of times all due to the past actions of h is family. He was a mere victim of the past. Dickens clearly showed strong support for Darnay and Dr. Manette not only in the outcome, where they successfully escaped France, but also throughout the story. When the peasant child was run over by Marquis St. Evremonde, Dickens showed a great deal of contempt for Evremonde, when he merely offered a few coins as his remorse, and created a sense that this was a terrible act. I have learned a great deal about life during the early French Revolution and viewed the anarchy with much inner thought while watching this movie. Members of the upper aristocracy were, in general, more conceited that I had previously thought them to be. The numerous mobs were more unstable then I had expected. They roamed, destroying at random, and went on to a new task with little persuasion. Many mobs cheered in joy for Darnay when he was acquitted at his first trial in France but were just as excited when he was condemned to death the second time. Society in general during the French Revolution has become much clearer to me. The movie it self was originally a little difficult to understand until I became aware of the plot, and with help from you. At that point I had no problem following the plot, which actually became quite interesting. The French Revolution was very well displayed in all of its violence and anarchy. The underlying ideas of oppression and anarchy made it enjoyable to see how the characters interacted. I found Carton especially interesting. He knew that Lucie would never seek after him, before and after her marriage to Darnay, yet he devoted his life to her and gave it up in the end for her. Despite all of the depressing aspects of the movie, Dickens theme of renewl became much more visible towards the end and actually was quite inspiring. As Carton gave his life for Darnay and Lucie, his final vision of a better society,wich was stated in the origonal novel left me with a hopeful attitude and seemed to be an v ery good way to close.